In the textile industry, 1,4-butanediol is an additive in sizes and finishing baths. Similar to glycerol, it acts as a plasticizer for water-soluble binders. Plasticized products are less tacky in a humid atmosphere than those treated with glycerol because 1,4-butanediol is not as hygroscopic.
Polybutyleneterephthalate (PBT) is a thermoplastic polyester produced by the polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol with terephthalic acid or dimethylterephthalate. Preference is usually given to the reaction with the ester, which can be purified more easily to the degree required for polycondensation.
1,4-Butanediol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes. In organic chemistry, 1,4-butanediol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL). In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, it dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran. At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
FDA warning against products containing GHB and its prodrugs, such as 1,4-butanediol. It is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O". It exerts effects similar to γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of 1,4-butanediol. Misuse has also resulted in addiction and death.
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