Compounds:Acetic acid

Acetic acid  is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2). It is a colourless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar (apart from water; vinegar is roughly 8% acetic acid by volume), and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. Besides its production as household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate and cellulose acetate. Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and attacks the skin.

Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, mainly used in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibers and fabrics. In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. In the food industry, acetic acid is used under the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. As a food additive it is approved for usage in many countries, including Canada, the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.

Acetic acid is a weak acid which is probably most famous for being the primary acid in vinegar. In fact, acetic acid has a wide range of uses beyond sprinkling on salads, and it is produced in large volumes all over the world. People have been working with this acid in a number of contexts for centuries, with acetic acid being one of the substances explored by alchemists, the predecessors of modern chemists.

This organic acid can be prepared in varying concentrations. In pure form, it is known as glacial acetic acid because it crystallizes in cool temperatures. This form of the acid is extremely corrosive and can be hazardous to work with, requiring special precautions for protection. Vinegar, by contrast, usually has an acetic acid concentration of around five percent.

Name:Acetic acid

EINECS:200-580-7

Molecular Formula:C2H4O2

CAS Registry Number:64-19-7 

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4)

HS Code:29152100

Appearance:clear liquid

Molecular Weight:60.05

Density:1.048

Boiling Point:117-118℃

Melting Point:16-16.5℃

Flash Point:40℃

Storage Temperature:Store at RT.

Refractive index:1.3715

Solubility:Miscible with water

Stability:Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.

Usage:Acetic acid is used as table vinegar, as preservative and as an intermediate in the chemical industry, e.g. acetate fibers, acetates, acetonitrile, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, softening agents, dyes (indigo) etc. Product Data Sheet.

Chemical Properties:Clear colorless liquid

General Description:A colorless aqueous solution. Smells like vinegar. Density 8.8 lb / gal. Corrosive to metals and tissue.

Air & Water Reactions:Dilution with water releases some heat.

Reactivity Profile:ACETIC ACID,  reacts exothermically with chemical bases. Subject to oxidation (with heating) by strong oxidizing agents. Dissolution in water moderates the chemical reactivity of acetic acid, A 5% solution of acetic acid is ordinary vinegar. Acetic acid forms explosive mixtures with p-xylene and air.

Health Hazard:Toxic; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard:Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form. 

Chemical properties of Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide is a compound that has the chemical formula ZnO in which the Z stands for zinc and the O stands for oxygen. This means that zinc oxide consists of one atom of zinc and one atom of oxygen, which are bound together. Humans use zinc oxide in many different ways, including in diaper cream, sunblock, paint, rubber goods, and some paper coatings. It is even used in some foods. Despite the fact that it has so many uses, many people are most familiar with it in topical form.

ZnO is a white powder that is insoluble in water, and it is widely used as an additive in numerous materials and products including rubbers, plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods (source of Zn nutrient), batteries, ferrites, fire retardants, and first-aid tapes. It occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, but most zinc oxide is produced synthetically.

Name:Zinc oxide

EINECS:215-222-5

Molecular Formula:ZnO

CAS Registry Number:1314-13-2

InChI:InChI=1/O.Zn/rOZn/c1-2

HS Code:28170000

Appearance:white powder

Molecular Weight:81.39

Density:5.6

Boiling Point:2360℃

Melting Point:1975℃

Flash Point:1436

Storage Temperature:Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.

Refractive index:2.008~2.029

Solubility:1.6 mg/L (29 ℃) in Water

Stability:Stable. Incompatible with magnesium, strong acids.

Chemical Properties: white powder

General Description :Crude zinc oxide is a yellow-gray granular solid with no odor. Zinc oxide has a specific gravity of 4.4. Zinc oxide is insoluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Prolonged inhalation of the dust may result in metal fume fever with symptoms of chills, fever, muscular pain, nausea and vomiting.

Air & Water Reactions :Slowly decomposed(hydrolyzed) in water. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile: Zinc Oxide is insoluble in water. What little solubility Zinc oxide has yields aqueous solutions that are neutral in pH. Intimate mixtures of zinc oxide and chlorinated rubber with or without hydrocarbons or chlorinated solvent react violently, even explosively upon heating. Slow addition of zinc oxide to cover the surface of linseed oil varnish caused generation of heat and ignition.

Fire Hazard: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot.

Usage:Accelerator activator, pigment and reinforcing agent in rubber, ointments, pigment and mould-growth inhibitor in paints, uv absorber in plastics, ceramics, floor tile, glass, zinc salts, feed additive, dietary supplement, seed treatment cosmetics, photoconductor in office copying machines and in colour photography, piezoelectric devices, artists' colorant.

Zinc oxide may be found in many health care products. It is used, for example, in order to protect the skin from irritation. For this use, it is often found in diaper creams. It’s also used in special lotions that help soothe irritated, itchy skin as well as in preparations that are intended to soothe burns. An individual may also find zinc oxide in sunscreens, which have the job of protecting skin from the sun. Interestingly, this compound may even be included in some preparations that are used to treat the discomfort caused by hemorrhoids.

Potassium dichromate health effects

Potassium is an important mineral needed for proper function of all cells, tissues and organs in your body; however, potassium dichromate is not a nutrient at all. Potassium dichromate is an industrial chemical found in leather, dyes, paints, glues, shoe polishes, floor waxes, detergents and wood preservatives.

Potassium dichromate(CAS.NO:7778-50-9) is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health and must be handled and disposed of appropriately. It is a crystalline ionic solid with a very bright, red-orange color. It is also known as potassium bichromate; bichromate of potash; dipotassium dichromate; dichromic acid, dipotassium salt; chromic acid, dipotassium salt; and lopezite.

According to the Material Safety Data Sheet, or MSDS, potassium dichromate is hazardous. It is corrosive and irritating to skin. Prolonged exposure may result in skin burns and inflammation, blistering, itching, redness and scaling. Inhaling potassium dichromate can cause lung irritation. Severe over-exposure by inhaling can result in death.

Potassium dichromate is a confirmed carcinogen, a substance involved in causing cancer. Repeated, prolonged exposure can produce damage to your blood, lungs, kidneys, liver, skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract. Exposure to potassium dichromate has a cumulative effect, so any repeated exposure poses adverse health effects.

Some individuals are allergic to potassium dichromate and must vigilantly avoid exposure. It is important to read product labels if you are allergic to this chemical. It may be listed under other names, including bichromate of potash, lopezite, dipotassium dichromate, or chromium metal. It is commonly used as a treatment for woods such as mahogany because it brings out the color and presents a deep, rich appearance. Because of its wide variety of uses, it is important to advise people that you obtain services from, such as your hairdresser and florist, of your allergy.

1. Potential health effects 

Inhalation:May be fatal if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. Causes burns.

Skin: May be fatal if absorbed through skin.

Eyes: Causes skin burns. Causes eye burns.

2. First Aid Measures 

Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. 

Skin: Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. 

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Get medical aid immediately. Call a poison control center. 

Inhalation:Get medical aid immediately. Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Do not use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device.

3. Handling and Storage 

Handling: Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Use only in a chemical fume hood.

Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. 

Buy 1-Bromo-3,5-difluorobenzene online

1-Bromo-3,5-difluorobenzene , its cas register number is 461-96-1. It is a colorless clear liquid. It also can be called 1-bromo-3,5-difluoro-benzene; 3,5-Difluorobromobenzene; 3,5-Difluoro-1-Bromobenzene; 1-Bromo-3,5-Difluorobromobenzene; Benzene, 1-bromo-3,5-difluoro-; 1,3-Difluoro-5-bromobenzene; 3,5-Difluoro-Bromobenzene; It can be used as Intermediates of Liquid Crystals.

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Some Safety Information About Morpholine

Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle, features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium.

Morpholine(CAS.NO:110-91-8) will Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. Mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Can cause kidney damage. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to flame, heat, or oxidizers; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. Mixtures with nitromethane are explosive. May ignite spontaneously in contact with cellulose nitrate of high surface area. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx.

1. Description of first aid measures 

1)General advice

Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

2)If inhaled 

If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. 

3)In case of skin contact 

Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Take victim immediately to hospital. Consult a physician. 

4)In case of eye contact 

Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. 

5)If swallowed 

Do NOT induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.

2.Handling And Storage

1)Precautions for safe handling 

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist. Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking. Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge. 

2)Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities 

Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

3. Potential health effects

Inhalation:May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

Ingestion :Harmful if swallowed. Causes burns.

Skin :Toxic if absorbed through skin. Causes skin burns.

Eyes : Causes eye burns.

4. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure 

Material is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin., Cough, Shortness of breath, Headache, Nausea

5. Product

Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.

6. Personal protective equipment 

1)Eye/face protection

Tightly fitting safety goggles. Faceshield (8-inch minimum). Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

2)Skin protection

Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

3)Body Protection

Complete suit protecting against chemicals, Flame retardant antistatic protective clothing, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

4)Respiratory protection

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).