Sodium metasilicate Information

The Sodium metasilicate, with the CAS registry number 99734-09-5, is also known as Sodium metasilicate,anhydrous. It belongs to the inorganic chemical industries. This chemical's molecular formula is Na2SiO3 and molecular weight is 122.06. What's more,Its systematic name is Disodium metasilicate. 

Sodium metasilicate is used along with magnesium silicate, in muffler repair and fitting paste. It can be used to seal leaks at the head gasket and has been widely used as a general purpose cement, but especially for applications involving cementing objects exposed to heat or fire. It has also been used as a general purpose paper cement. Sodium silicate was also used as an egg preservation agent in the early 20th Century with large success. It was used as a timber treatment for pressure-treated wood in the 19th century and as a water treatment in waste water treatment plants.

1. Properties

Name:Sodium metasilicate

EINECS:229-912-9

Molecular Formula:Na2O3Si

CAS Registry Number:6834-92-0 

InChI:InChI=1/2Na.HO3Si/c;;1-4(2)3/h;;4H/q2*+1;-2

Appearance:white granules

Molecular weight:123.07118

Density:2.4 g/cm3

Melting point:1089℃

Solubility:very slightly sol or almost insol in cold water; less readily sol in large amt of water than in small amt; anhyd dissolve with more difficulty than hydrate in water glass form sol in steam under pressure; partially miscible with primary alc & ketones; miscible with some polyhydric alcinsol in alc, potassium, & sodium salts brought into soln by heating with water under pressure; silicates containing more sodium dissolve more readily

2. Safety

Sodium metasilicate is a member of the sodium compound family, according to the International Programme on Chemical Safety. A very basic compound, sodium metasilicate is used in a variety of industrial and household settings. While it is a cleaning and de-rusting solution, it is highly corrosive and should be handled with care.

Sodium metasilicate may cause damage to health. When you are using it, please be cautious about it as the following:

(1)Causes burns;

(2)Irritating to the respiratory system;

(3)Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin;

(4)Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs;

(5)In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice;

(6)In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible);

(7)Avoid contact with skin and eyes;

(8)Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

Introduction of Benzyl chloride

Benzyl chloride, with the cas register number 100-44-7,  is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2Cl. This colourless liquid is a reactive organochlorine compound that is a widely used chemical building block.

1. Properties of Benzyl chloride

Name:Benzyl Chloride

EINECS:202-853-6

Molecular Formula:C7H7Cl

CAS Registry Number:100-44-7

InChI:InChI=1/C7H7Cl/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H,6H2

Appearance:colorless liquid

Molecular Weight:126.58

Density:1.1

Boiling Point:179°C

Melting Point:-39°C

Flash Point:67°C

Storage Temperature:0-6°C

Refractive index:1.537-1.539

Solubility:0.3 g/L (20 °C)

2. Use of Benzyl chloride

Benzyl chloride is usually being the material of making the dye, spice, medicine, synthetic tannin and synthetic resin. Besides, Benzyl chloride could also used as an very important organic synthesis intermediate. When in pesticide, it could directly synthesis the organophosphorus fungicide and could be used as the vital material in many other intermediates, such as in synthesis of benzyl cyanide, benzoyl chloride and MPA. As for its product categories, they are various, including pharmaceutical intermediates; organics; biochemistry; reagents for oligosaccharide synthesis.

3. Preparation of Benzyl chloride

The Benzyl chloride could be produced with great amount with the following chemical reaction: C6H5CH3 + Cl2 →C6H5CH2Cl + HCl. 

4. Safety of Benzyl chloride

Benzyl chloride is a kind of Colorless to yellow liquid with very strong pungent odour and it has tearing property. Besides, it is soluble in diethyl [ethyl] ether, alcohol, chloroform and other organic solvent but insoluble in water. It is unstable and combustible, so inhibitors such as propylene oxide or trimethylamine are usually added to prevent polymerization. Above flash point vapour-air mixtures are explosive within the limits noted above. Contact with water produces toxic fumes. What's more, it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, water, acids, most common metals, dimethyl sulfoxide. So while storing it, it should be kept with the storage temp. of 0-6°C, and in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated storeroom, away from other oxygenant and food additives.

Being among the toxic chemicals, it at low levels cause damage to health and it is toxic if by inhalation and in contact with skinmay, then it could even cause cancer. Besides, it is irritating to respiratory system and skin and it has risk of serious damage to eyes. What's more, it has the danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. So while dealing with this chemical, we should take the following instructions. Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use, and if in case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). You could also refer to WGK Germany  3 to obtain more safety information.

Information of Ammonium bromide

Ammonium bromide, NH4Br, is the ammonium salt of hydrobromic acid. The chemical crystallizes in colorless prisms, possessing a saline taste; it sublimes on heating and is easily soluble in water. On exposure to air it gradually assumes a yellow color because of the oxidation of traces of bromide (Br-) to bromine (Br2).

1. Uses

Ammonium bromide(CAS.NO:12124-97-9) is used for photography in films, plates and papers;in corrosion inhibitors;in lithography and process engraving;in fireproofing of wood;  and in pharmaceutical preparations.

2. Production

Ammonium bromide can  be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with iron(II) bromide or iron(III) bromide, which may be obtained by passing aqueous bromine solution over iron filings.

2 NH3 + FeBr2 + H2O → 2 NH4Br + FeO

It can also be prepared by the action of hydrogen bromide on ammonia as following:

NH3 + HBr → NH4Br

3. Potential health effects 

Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation.

Ingestion: Toxic if swallowed.

Skin :Toxic if absorbed through skin.

Eyes: May cause skin irritation. May cause eye irritation.

4. Safety Profile

Hazard Codes of Ammonium bromide (cas no.12124-97-9): Xn,Xi

Risk Statements: 22-36/37/38

R22: Harmful if swallowed.

R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

Safety Statements: 22-24/25

S22: Do not breathe dust.

S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

WGK Germany: 2

RTECS: BO9155000

Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, Br−, and NH3. Incompatible with BrF3; IF7; K.

Clotrimazole Basic Information

Clotrimazole cream is an antifungal medication available both over the counter and by prescription. The medication is commonly used for treating mild fungal conditions, including yeast infections, jock itch, and ringworm. Sometimes, it is used for the treatment of athlete's foot as well. Clotrimazole cream is used topically, except in the case of a vaginal yeast infection, in which it is applied inside the vagina as well as in the external vaginal area. When used for fungal infections, it can both fight the infection and help relieve the symptoms associated with it, including itching and burning.

1. Uses

Clotrimazole is used to treat fungal infections.

*It is an imidazole, sometimes known as an antifungal agent.

*It is used to treat a variety of fungal infections.

*In general this drug is used to treat fungal infections of the vagina as a vaginal cream or pessary. It is also used to treat fungal infections of the skin as a cream, spray, powder or solution.

*Benefits of being on this drug can include effectively stopping the growth of the fungal infection and relief of the symptoms of the infection.

2. Properties

Name:Clotrimazole

EINECS:245-764-8

Molecular Formula:C22H17ClN2

CAS Registry Number:23593-75-1 

InChI:InChI=1/C22H17ClN2/c23-21-14-8-7-13-20(21)22(25-16-15-24-17-25,18-9-3-1-4-10-18)19-11-5-2-6-12-19/h1-17H

Appearance:Crystals. Odorless.

Molecular Weight:344.84

Density:1.13g/cm3

Boiling Point:482.3°Cat760mmHg

Melting Point:147-149℃

Flash Point:245.5°C

Storage Temperature:Store at RT.

Refractive index:1.616

Solubility:Slightly soluble

Usage:Medication, fungicide.

3. Safety Profile

Hazard Codes:Xn

Risk Statements:22-36/38

22:Harmful if swallowed

36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin  

Safety Statements:26-36

26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice

36:Wear suitable protective clothing

WGK Germany:3

RTECS:NI4377000

Hazardous Substances Data:23593-75-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by intrvaginal route: primary skin irritations. Experimental reproductive effects. A fungicide. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cl− and NOx.

4. Side effects

Side effects include skin rash, hives, blistering, burning, itching,peeling, redness, stinging, swelling, or other signs of skin irritation.

Glycolic acid Chemical Information

Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA). This colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid is highly soluble in water. It is used in various skin-care products. Glycolic acid is found in some sugar-crops.

1. Properties

Name:Glycolic acid

EINECS:201-180-5

Molecular Formula:C2H4O3

CAS Registry Number:79-14-1 

Synonyms:Hydroxyacetic acid; Glycolic acid solution; glycollic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)

Appearance:Light yellow to amber liquid

Molecular Weight:76.05

Density:1.27

Boiling Point:113 °C

Melting Point:10 °C

Flash Point:128.7 °C

Refractive index:n20/D 1.424

Solubility:H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear

Stability:Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.

2. Uses

Glycolic acid  can be used in various skin-care products.Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin.

Glycolic acid is also a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.    It is also used as a monomer in the preparation of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers. Glycolic acid is often included into emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.Other uses :in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent, in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative.

3. Production

Glycolic acid (CAS NO.79-14-1)  is prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification as follows:

ClCH2CO2H + NaOH → HOCH2CO2H + NaCl 

In this way, a few million kilograms are produced annually. Other methods, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid and the hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.but not apparently in use. Glycolic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugar beets, sugarcane, canteloupe, pineapple, and unripe grapes.

Glycolic acid,we can also  using an enzymatic biochemical process,compared to traditional chemical synthesis,it produces fewer impurities , requires less energy in production and produces less co-product.

4. Safety

Glycolic acid is a strong irritant depending on the pH levels. Like ethylene glycol, it is metabolized to oxalic acid, which could make it dangerous if ingested.

Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe eye irritant. A skin and mucous membrane irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Hazard Codes: C

Risk Statements: 34-22  

R34: Causes burns.

R22: Harmful if swallowed.

Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-23

S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.

S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)

S23: Do not breathe vapour.

RIDADR: UN 3265 8/PG 3

WGK Germany: 1

RTECS: MC5250000

HazardClass: 8

PackingGroup: II

Calcium citrate Properties

Calcium citrate is an odorless white powder, practically insoluble in cold water. Calcium citrate is used as a chelating agent, buffer, organization coagulant, calcium fortified, emulsifying salts, etc.

Calcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid. It is commonly used as a food additive (E333), usually as a preservative, but sometimes for flavor. In this sense, it is similar to sodium citrate. Calcium citrate is also used as a water softener because the citrate ions can chelate unwanted metal ions. Calcium citrate is also found in some dietary calcium supplements (e.g. Citracal). Calcium makes up 24.1% of calcium citrate (anhydrous) and 21.1% of calcium citrate (tetrahydrate) by mass.

1. Production

Calcium citrate is an intermediate in the isolation of citric acid from the fermentation process by which citric acid is produced industrially. The citric acid in the broth solution is neutralized by calcium hydroxide, precipitating insoluble calcium citrate. This is then filtered off from the rest of the broth and washed to give clean calcium citrate.

The calcium citrate thus produced may be sold as-is, or it may be converted to citric acid using dilute sulfuric acid.

2. Properties

Name:Calcium citrate

EINECS:212-391-7

Molecular Formula:C12H10Ca3O14

CAS Registry Number:813-94-5 

Synonyms:Calciumcitrate (Ca3(O7C6H5)2) (7CI); Citric acid, calcium salt (2:3) (8CI); Acicontral; Citracal; Citrical; Tribasic calcium citrate; Tricalcium citrate; Tricalcium dicitrate; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylicacid, 2-hydroxy-, calcium salt (2:3);

InChI:InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Ca/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6

Appearance:white powder or white to colourless crystals

Molecular Weight:498.4334

Density:1.63 g/cm3

Boiling Point:309.6 °C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point:120 °C (loses water)

Flash Point:155.2 °C

Solubility:0.1 M HCl: 0.01 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless

Stability:Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Introduction of 1-Bromopropane

1-Bromopropane with CAS number of 106-94-5 is also named as Bromopropane .It is an organic solvent used for the cleaning of metal surfaces, removal of soldering residues from electronic circuit boards, and as an adhesive solvent. It has quite a potent smell. 1-Bromopropane is an organic solvent used for the cleaning of metal surfaces, removal of soldering residues from electronic circuit boards, and as an adhesive solvent. It has a characteristic hydrocarbon odor.

1. Use of 1-Bromopropane

1-Bromopropane is used as alkylating agents to introduce the alkyl groups to form carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis. They are also used as intermediate to form alkylated amines and alkylated metallic compounds. The end products include pharmaceuticals, insecticides, quaternary ammonium compounds, flavours and fragrances.

1-Bromopropane is also used as solvent for industrial cleaning (degreasing, metal processing and finishing, electronics, aerospace and aviation), aerosols, textiles, adhesives , inks and coatings.

2. Properties of 1-Bromopropane

Name:1-Bromopropane

EINECS:203-445-0

Molecular Formula:C3H7Br

CAS Registry Number:106-94-5 

Synonyms:n-Propyl bromide; Bromopropane,98%; 1-bromo-propan; 1-Brompropan; bromo propane; Bromopropane; Brompropan; n-C3H7Br; n-propyl; n-propylbromide(1-bromopropane); Propyl bromide

InChI:InChI=1/C3H7Br/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H2,1H3

HS Code:29033036

Appearance:Colorless transparent liquid

Molecular Weight:122.99

Density:1.353

Boiling Point:71℃

Melting Point:-110℃

Flash Point:-4.5℃

Storage Temperature:Flammables area

Refractive index:1.4326-1.4346

Solubility:2.5 g/L (20 oC)

Stability:Stability Flammable - note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases.

Usage:Use is as a solvent, generally for fats, waxes, or resins, or as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds.

Chemical Properties: colourless liquid 

General Description: A colorless liquid. Slightly denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Flash point below 75°F. When heated to high temperatures may emit toxic fumes. 

Air & Water Reactions: Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. 

Reactivity Profile: Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 2-Bromopropane, are moderately or very reactive. Reactivity generally decreases with increased degree of substitution of halogen for hydrogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. Emits toxic fumes of bromine when burned. 

Health Hazard: Irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract, and skin. 

3. Safety Information of 1-Bromopropane

Hazard Codes: F,T

Risk Statements: 60-11-36/37/38-48/20-63-67

60: May impair fertility

11: Highly Flammable

36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin

48/20: Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure through inhalation

63: Possible risk of harm to the unborn child

67: Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness

Safety Statements: 53-45

53: Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use

45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible)

RIDADR: UN 2344 3/PG 2

WGK Germany: 2

F: 8: Photosensitive.

HazardClass: 3

PackingGroup: II

HS Code: 29033036